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作者：网页游戏公益服 来源：http://www.banruo.net 时间：2020-08-14 10:50
The urban ghosts 都市阴魂 These days the worst urban decay is found not inbig cities but in small
ones 当下，小城市而非大城市的都市衰败现象最为严重 WHEN recession hit Hartlepool in 2008 it hit hard, says Billy Reid, the
owner of a local key-cutting and engraving business. His stall in the shopping
centre—an ugly grey 1970s box thatdominates the centre of the town—sits between
gaps where other firms have disappeared. “Welost the Woolworths, we lost
Superdrug. I've got two staff and just this year for the first timeI've had to
cut their hours,” he says. Nobody is moving house and nobody has much money—so
few people need keys cut or gifts engraved. 2008年的金融危机对哈特尔浦造成了严重的影响，Billy
Reid，当地一个钥匙配制和镌刻店的老板说，他经营的摊位是个20世纪80年代的小房间，灰色墙壁，实在不怎么好看，不过那时市中心的房子大抵都是这样的。当时，周围别的商店都已关门停业“伍尔沃斯关门了，超级药房也关门了，我有两个员工，今年我不得不开始减少他们的工作时间”他说，没人在搬家，也没人钱多，所以很少有人需要配钥匙或给礼物镌刻。 Britain's economy is finally crawling out of recession. On October 8th the
IMF sharply upgradedits growth forecast for 2013. But the recovery is far from
evenly spread. In London and thesouth-east, house prices and employment are
soaring. In places such as Hartlepool, a formershipbuilding and steel town in
Teesside, on the north-east coast of England, there is preciouslittle sign of
improvement. The local unemployment rate is almost twice the national average,at
13%. Last year there was nobody in work in 30% of the town's working-age
households. 英国经济终于慢慢的走出衰退，10月8日，国际货币基金组织大大的提高了2013年经济预期，但是经济复苏还远没有稳健均匀的展开，在伦敦和英国东南部，
房价和就业都在迅猛飙升，在类似于哈特尔浦(位于英国东北海岸的提赛德的一个昔日造船和产钢的城镇)的地方，几乎没有复苏的迹象。当地失业率高达13%，几乎是全国水平的两倍。去年该城镇30%的适龄工作家庭成员都出于失业状态。 Partly, this reflects the extraordinary success of London and continuing
deindustrialisation inthe north of England. Areas such as Teesside have been
struggling, on and off, since the firstworld war. But whereas over the past two
decades England's big cities have developed strongservice-sector economies, its
smaller industrial towns have continued their relative decline.Hartlepool is
typical of Britain's rust belt in that it has grown far more slowly than the
region itis in. So too is Wolverhampton, a small city west of Birmingham, and
Hull, a city in eastYorkshire. 在某种程度上，这反映了伦敦非比寻常的成功和英国北部的不断扩延的逆城市化现象，像提赛德的区域自一战以来就经常处在挣扎边缘，
然而，在过去20年间，强大的服务业经济在英国大城市蒸蒸日上，而在小城市却江河日下。。哈特尔浦 就是典型的一个拖后退的城镇，它比他所在的区域发展速度慢的多，
同样的还有沃尔夫汉普顿, 伯明翰西部的一个小城市;赫尔，约克郡东部的一个城市。 In Hartlepool, 28% of shops are empty, according to the Local Data Company,
a privateresearch firm. Chain stores, widely blamed for destroying high streets
in richer bits of Britain,are mostly absent. In nearby Middlesbrough, whole
streets of terraced houses are boarded up—the legacy of a failed plan to renew
the market by knocking down old houses and buildingnew ones. In Hull, teenagers
in baseball caps and tracksuits wander aimlessly. 据一家私营调查研究公司“当地数据公司”统计，在哈特尔浦,
28%的商户都关门了，广受诟病其占领了伦敦富有区域高档街区的连锁商店也大多被空置了，在附近的Middleborough，
整条街联立的房子都被空置，这是曾经计划拆除旧房改建新房以复兴市场的计划失败的产物。而在Hull, 带着棒球帽穿着运动杉的青少年到处漫无目的的游荡。 The divide is likely to widen more quickly over the next decade. From
around 2001 until 2010,under the Labour governments of Tony Blair and Gordon
Brown, much of Britain's growth camefrom higher government spending. More and
better-paid government employees—and welfarerecipients—provided an adrenalin
shot for the private sector. 这种差异在接下来的十年内很很可能会扩大。
从2001年到2010年在劳工党托尼布莱尔和戈登布朗政府的统治之下，英国的增长在很大程度上来源于更大的政府支出--
公职人员在数量上和收入报酬上都有了提高，福利惠及更多家户，这就给私营领域带来了动力。 Today that process has reversed, as the government tries to cut its way out
of an enormousfiscal deficit. Welfare spending and council budgets are falling
especially quickly in poorer smalltowns. In Wolverhampton, the local council has
announced plans to sack 1,000 staff by 2015—around 20% of its workforce. In
Hartlepool, welfare cuts are worth ￡712 ($1,135) a yearfrom each working-age
resident, according to researchers at Sheffield Hallam University. 而今天，政府开始执行完全相反的财政策略，着手削减高额的财政赤字。一些相对贫穷落后的小城镇的福利和财政预计明显减少。，在政府努力削减政府支出以缓解巨大的政府财政赤字的过程中，福利消费和议会支出锐减尤其是在一些相对贫穷的小城镇中。在沃尔夫汉普顿,
当地的议会已经宣布将在2015年之前辞退1000名，即将近20%左右的政府公职人员。据谢菲尔德海兰姆大学研究员，在哈特尔浦,
每年从每个工作适龄居民福利中的削减额有将近712英镑，即将近1135美元。
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